Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Original Research Article | OPEN ACCESS

Aqueous Allium sativum (garlic) extract ameliorated CdCl2-induced alterations in blood formation and spermatogenesis in albino rats

Edmund Chidiebere Mbegbu¹ , Rita Ifeoma Odo¹, Paul Tobechukwu Ozioko², Mark Ebubechukwu Awachie¹, Lotanna Gilbert Nwobi¹, Ikechukwu Reginald Obidike¹

¹Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; ²Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.

For correspondence:- Edmund Mbegbu Email: edmund.mbegbu@unn.edu.ng Tel:+2348060144975

Accepted: 18 January 2021 Published: 28 February 2021

Citation: Mbegbu EC, Odo RI, Ozioko PT, Awachie ME, Nwobi LG, Obidike IR. Aqueous Allium sativum (garlic) extract ameliorated CdCl2-induced alterations in blood formation and spermatogenesis in albino rats. Trop J Pharm Res 2021; 20(2):309-314 doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v20i2.13

© 2021 The authors.
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Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the ameliorative effect of aqueous garlic extract (AGEx) on cadmium chloride (CdCl₂-induced) alterations in the blood and testicles of rats.

Methods: A total of 24 male rats (160 - 200 g), randomly assigned into 4 groups (A - D; n = 6), were used to investigate the claimed protective effect of AGEx on blood and spermatogenic tissues following CdCl₂-intoxication in albino rats. The rats in Group A served as controls and were given 5 mg/mL of deionized water. Group B rats were given 300 mg/kg of AGEx. Group C rats were given 2 mg/kg of CdCl₂. Rats in Group D first received 2 mg/kg of CdCl₂, and 300 mg/kg of AGEx 2 h later. All treatments were done every 48 h for a period of six weeks.

Results: CdCl₂ administration to group C rats reduced (p < 0.05) haematocrit value (PCV), concentration of haemoglobin (Hb), red cells count (RBC), total leucocytes count (tWBC), eosinophil, neutrophil, testicular weights and sperm reserves; but elevated (p < 0.05) lymphocytes count compared with the controls. AGEx 300 mg/kg in group D rats significantly reversed (p < 0.05) the altered parameters compared with the controls.

Conclusion: The results demonstrate that administration of aqueous Allium sativum (garlic) extract to male rats enhances spermatogenesis, and ameliorates testicular and haematological alterations induced by cadmium poisoning. Therefore, the spermatogenic principle in AGEx is a potential candidate for the clinical management of male infertility.

Keywords: Allium sativum, CdCl2 toxicity, Haematology, Spermatogenesis, Rats